There is one thing that is disturbing when talking about downstreaming. This term is increasingly echoed, especially in the mining commodities. The most attention-grabbing mining commodity is of course metallic minerals. Take for example nickel minerals, bauxite minerals (aluminum metal), copper minerals, iron minerals, and tin minerals.

The term "hilirisasi," which is frequently used nowadays, needs to be understood and re-examined, according to the author. This is because we should not inadvertently minimize the meaning of the word.

In different academic fields, the term "hilirisasi" also has different meanings. There are two major aspects when it comes to the utilization of metal minerals. The first aspect is how to extract metal minerals from the earth's surface, covering various techniques that range from exploration to retrieval. This domain pertains to the mining academic field.

Read more from Dr. Ir. Sri Bramantoro Abdinagoro, MM., CBV., CMP. article on Manajemen ISMS Column at kompas.id -click here-